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Motor proteins and protein synthesis Actomyosin in muscle is an energy transducer that can be probed by biophysical, physiological, chemical and structural methods. Modified forms power many cell biological motions such as targeted vesicle transport and cell division. We are developing novel techniques, such as single molecule fluorescence polarization and laser photolysis of 'caged molecules', to map protein structural changes in real time and to relate them to the enzymology and mechanics of the mechanism. The ribosome translates the genetic code into amino acid sequences with enormous fidelity and also constitutes a motor translocating along the mRNA exactly 3 bases per step. Energy from splitting GTP by G-protein elongation factors (EFs) is transformed into translational accuracy and maintenance of the reading frame. Powerful techniques developed for studies on motor proteins, including single molecule fluorescence and optical traps, are being applied to understand the structural biology, energetics and function of EFs and their interaction with the ribosome. Selected Publications: Vanzi, F., Takagi, Y., Shuman, H., Cooperman, B.S., and Goldman, Y.E. (2005) Mechanical studies of single ribosome/mRNA complexes. Biophys. J. (In press). Quinlan, M.E., Forkey, J.N., and Goldman, Y.E. (2005) Orientation of the myosin light chain region by single and multiple molecule total internal reflection fluorescence polarization microscopy. Biophys. J. (in press). Forkey, J.N., Quinlan, M.E., and Goldman, Y.E. (2005) Measurement of single macromolecule orientation by total internal reflection fluorescence polarization microscopy. Biophys. J. (in press). Rosenberg, S.A., Quinlan, M.E., Forkey, J.N., and Goldman Y.E. (2005) Rotational motions of macromolecules by single molecule fluorescence microscopy. Acc. Chem. Res. (provisionally accepted). Liu, J., Reedy, M.C., Goldman, Y.E., Franzini-Armstrong, C., Sasaki, H., Tregear, R.T., Lucaveche, C., Winkler, H., Baumann, B.A.J., Squire, J.M., Irving, T.C., Reedy, M.K., and Taylor, K.A. (2004) Electron tomography of fast frozen, stretched rigor fibers reveals elastic distortions in the myosin crossbridges. J. Struct. Biol. 147:247-258. Goldman, Y.E. and Homsher, E. (2004) Molecular physiology of the cross-bridge cycle. In: Myology, 3rd Ed. A. G. Engel, C. Franzini-Armstrong (eds). McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York. pp. 187-202. Tregear R.T., Reedy M.C., Goldman Y.E., Taylor K.A., Winkler H., Franzini-Armstrong C., Sasaki H., Lucaveche C., Reedy M.K.(2004) Cross-bridge number, position and angle in target zones of isometrically active insect flight muscle. Biophys J. 86:3009-19. Goldman, Y.E. (2003) Muscle contraction. In: The Enzymes, Vol. XXIII. D. Hackney (ed.). Academic Press, New York. Vanzi F., Vladimirov S., Knudsen C.R., Cooperman B.S., Goldman Y.E. (2003) Protein synthesis by single ribosomes. RNA 9:1174-9. |
