Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
The Child Pedestrian Injury Prevention Project
Study Description: Using a modified version of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to develop a three-year intervention trial aimed at reducing pedestrian injury to schoolchildren (ages 5-9).
PRECEDE-PROCEED framework:
- Step 1 identifying the epidemiological factors of the problem and the target groups.
- Epidemiological Factors
- Pedestrian injury main cause of injury death for Western Australian children (rate = 3.2/100,000)
- Child pedestrian injuries are usually severe (severe head injuries in 80% of critically injured)
- Average hospitalization = 30 days (direct cost estimated at $100,000)
- Target groups
- Primary children aged 5-9, teachers, parents
- Secondary school administrators, city officials, legislators, police, road safety advisory committee, residents
- Step 2 Identifying behavioral and environmental risk factors associated with child pedestrian injuries.
- Behavioral risk factors
- nappropriate road crossing
- Children not seeking help to cross
- Lack of parental supervision
- Lack of education by parents on road crossing procedures
- Inappropriate road crossing by parents (bad role models)
- Environmental risk factors
- Traffic volume and speed
- Road design
- Roadside obstacles
- Step 3 Identifying contributing factors.
- Predisposing factors
- Lack of knowledge regarding safe road crossing behavior
- Low risk of injury perception when crossing busy roads
- Enabling factors
- Failure to recognize safer road crossing sites
- Poorly developed road crossing skills
- Lack of social skills necessary to ask for help when crossing the roads
- Insufficient education about school road safety
- Reinforcing factors
- Parents allowed children to cross roads alone
- Parents perceptions that children can cross roads safely and alone
- Step 4 Selecting intervention strategies
- School-based classroom lessons, home activities, teacher training
- Community-based newspapers and other local media, monthly community advisory meetings, newsletters to parents
Results: Use of the PRECEDE-PROCEED facilitated the process of planning injury prevention interventions and strengthened the quality of the CPIPP project.
The Employment and Arthritis: Making It Work Program
Study Description: The development of an intervention aimed at preventing work loss and maintaining at-work productivity in employed people with inflammatory arthritis (IA) using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model.
Program Development:
- Identifying the long-term program outcomes
- Preventing work loss and maintaining productivity
- IA experts identified target risk factors or problems/barriers to modify (using the literature and FGs).
- Arthritis symptoms
- Job-related factors
- Psychosocial factors at work
- Identifying target behavior changes
- Arthritis management
- Job-related changes
- Psychosocial changes
Sample: 19 employed women with IA.
Intervention:
- Two groups
- Three hour group sessions once a week for 5 weeks led by a vocational counselor
- Two professional assessments
- Self-learning manual
Results: Notable improvements in self-confidence in work problem management, fatigue interference with work, at-work limitation measures, and productivity at work.