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Faculty

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ROBERT (Bob) T Schultz, PhD

88 faculty photo 7d
Professor of Clinical Psychology in Pediatrics (Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics)
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Department: Pediatrics
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1f Graduate Group Affiliations 8 a
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46 Contact information
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Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
22 Center for Autism Research
24 2716 South Street, 5th Floor
46 Roberts Pediatric Research Building
Philadelphia, PA 19146
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3b Office: 203.494.2787/267-426-7540
32 Fax: 267-426-7590
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13 Education:
21 7 BA 17 (Psychology) c
2f University of Delaware, 1983.
21 8 PhD 45 (Clinical Psychology/Neuropsychology, Behavioral Genetics) c
36 University of Texas at Austin, 1991.
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b6 > Perelman School of Medicine   > Faculty   > Details a
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Description of Research Expertise

151 RESEARCH INTERESTS: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID) and related developmental disabilities (DDs). Behavioral Genetics. Cognitive neuroscience. Biomarkers that moderate treatment outcome. Big Data. Online Phenotyping. Relationships between genes, brain, behavior and development in the DDs.
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b3 RESEARCH METHODS: sMRI, fMRI, DTI, ERP, genotyping, infra red Eye Tracking; Clinical and Neuropsychological Assessment, Online Computer Adaptive Testing; Clinical trials
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f8 RESEARCH SUMMARY: I am the Director of the Center for Autism Research (CAR) at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). CAR's mission is to find the biological causes of ASD so that we can help create more efficacious treatments.
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26a My lab's research focuses on obtaining large samples of research volunteers with ASD, so that we can examine the relationships between ASD, ID, DD and susceptibility genes, endophenotypes (e.g., as measured with MRI, EEG or Eye tracking), clinical phenomenology and development (including response to treatment). Given the heterogeneity of ASD, and the opportunities to collect large samples through CAR (and online), we feel like studying relationships between gene, brain, behavior and time will provide critical insights into the biological causes of DDs and related psychiatry comorbidities (e.g., ADHD).
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1d Selected Publications
11b Schultz, R.T., Cho, N.K., Staib, L.H., Kier, L.E., Fletcher, J. M., Shaywitz, S.E., Shankweiler, D.P., Katz, L., Gore, J.C., Duncan, J. S.,& Shaywitz, B. Brain morphology in normal and dyslexic children: The influence of sex and age. Annals of Neurology, 1994: 35, 732-742
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13f Schultz, R.T., Gauthier, I., Klin A., Fulbright, R., Anderson, A., Volkmar, F., Skudlarski, P., Lacadie, C., Cohen, D.J., Gore, J.C. Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2000: 57(3), 331-340
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fa Schultz, R.T. Romanski, L., Tsatsanis, K. Neurofunctional Models of Autistic Disorder and Asperger Syndrome: Clues from Neuroimaging. In A. Klin, F.R Volkmar & S.S Sparrow (Eds.) Asperger Syndrome. New York: Plenum Press, 2000, 179-209.
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101 Klin, A, Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D.J. Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2002: 59, 809-816.
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122 Schultz, R.T., Grelotti, D.J., Klin, A., Kleinman, J., Van der Gaag, C., Marois, R. & Skudlarski, P. The role of the fusiform face area in social cognition: Implications for the pathobiology of autism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B, 2003: 358, 415-427.
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9b Pasley, B.N., Mayes, L.C. & Schultz, R.T. Subcortical discrimination of unperceived objects during binocular rivalry. Neuron, 2004: 42, 163-172.
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10a Schultz, R.T. & Robins, D.L. Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorders. In F. Volkmar, A. Klin, & R. Paul (Eds), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (3rd Edition). New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2005: 515-533.
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c5 Schultz, R.T. Developmental deficits in social perception in autism: The role of the amygdala and fusiform face area. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 2005: 23, 125-141
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c5 Vanderwal, T., Hunyadi, E., Grupe, D.W., Connors, C.M., Schultz, R.T. Self, Mother and Abstract Other: an fMRI study of reflective social
 processing. NeuroImage. 2008:41 (4), 1437-1446.
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5d Levy, S.E., Mandell, D.S, & Schultz, R.T. Autism. Lancet. 2009: 374 (9701):1627-38
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84 Wang, K., et al. Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders, Nature, 2009: 459(7246):528-33
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8e Glessner, J.T., et al. Autism genome-wide copy number variation reveals ubiquitin and neuronal genes, Nature, 2009:459(7246): 569-73.
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b6 Chevallier, C., Kohls, G., Troiani, V., Brodkin, E.S. & Schultz, R.T. The Social Motivation Theory of Autism. Trends in Cognitive Science, 2012, 16(4):231-9. PMID: 22425667
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124 Kohls, G., Perino, M.T., Taylor, J.M., Madva, E.N., Troiani, V., Price, E., Faja, S., Herrington, J.D., & Schultz, R.T. The nucleus accumbens is involved in both the pursuit of social reward and the avoidance of social punishment. Neuropsychologia, 2013: 51(11), 2062-9. PMID 23911778
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127 Kohls, G., Schulte-Ruther, M., Nehrkorn, B., Muller, K, Fink, GR, Kamp-Becker, I., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Schultz, R.T., & Konrad, K. Reward system dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders. Social Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, 2013: 8(5), 565-72. PMID: 22419119. PMCID: PMC3682440
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104 Kohls, G., Chevallier, C., Troiani, V., & Schultz, R.T. Social ‘wanting’ dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2012, 4(7), 1-20. PMID: 22958468. PMCID: PMC3436671
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154 Tanaka,, JW, Wolf, JM, Klaiman, C, Koenig, K, Cockburn, J, Herlihy, L, Brown, C, Stahl, S, Kaiser, MD, & Schultz, R.T.. Using computerized games to teach face recognition skills to children with autism spectrum disorder: The Let's Face It! program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2010: 51(8), 944-952. PMID: 20646129
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bf Coutanche, MN, Thompson-Schill, SL and Schultz, R.T. Multi-voxel pattern analysis of fMRI data predicts clinical symptom severity. NeuroImage, 2011: 57(1), 113-123. PMID: 21513803
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b9 Herrington, JD, Nymberg, C & Schultz, R.T. Biological Motion Task Performance Predicts Superior Temporal Sulcus Activity. Brain and Cognition, 2011: 77(3):372-81. PMID: 22024246
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d1 Bloy, L., Ingalhalikar, M., Eavani, H., Schultz, R.T., Roberts, T.P.L., Verma, R., White Matter Atlas Generation using HARDI based Automated Parcellation. Neuroimage, 2012: 59(4):4055-63PMID: 21893205
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1be Wolff, JJ, Gu, H, Gerig, G, Elison, JT, Gouttard, S, Styner, M Botteron, KN, Collins, L, Dager, SR, Dawson, G, Estes, AM, Evans, A, Hazlett, HC, Kostopoulos, P, McKinstry, RC, Paterson, SJ, Schultz, R.T., Zwaigenbaum, L, Piven, J. for the IBIS Network. Differences in White Matter Fiber Tract Development Present from 6 to 24 Months in Infants with Autism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;169(6):589-60 Feb 17. [Epub ahead of print]
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f2 Bloy, L., Ingalhalikar, M., Batmanghelich, N.K., Schultz, R.T., Roberts, T.P.L., & Verma, R. An integrated framework for HARDI-based investigation of structural connectivity. Brain Connectivity, 2012: 2(2), 69-79. PMID: 22500705.
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189 Tanaka, J.W., Wolf, J.M. Klaiman, C., Koenig, K., Cockburn, J., Herlihy, L., Brown, C., Stahl, S., South, M., McPartland, J., Kaiser, M.D., & Schultz, R.T. The perception and identification of facial emotions in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders using the Let’s Face It! Emotion Skills Battery. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012 Jul 11. [Epub ahead of print]
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15c Hazlett, H.C., Gu, H., McKinstry, R.C, Shaw, D.W.W., Botteron, K.N., Dager, S., Styner, M., Vachet, C., Gerig, G., Paterson, S.J., Schultz, R.T, Estes, A.M., Evans, A.C., & Piven, J. for the IBIS network. Brain volume findings in six month old infants at high familial risk for autism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2012 Jun;169(6):601-8.
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126 Wolff, JJ, Botteron, KN, Dager, SR, Elison, JT, Estes, AM, Gu, H, Hazlett, HC, Pandey, J, Paterson, SJ, Schultz, RT, Zwaigenbaum, L & Piven, J, The IBIS Network. Longitudinal Patterns of Repetitive Behavior in Toddlers with Autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. In Press
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164 Lewis, J. D., Evans, A. C. , Pruett, J. R. , Botteron, K., Zwaigenbaum, L., Estes, A., Gerig, G., Collins, L., Kostopoulos, P. , McKinstry, R., Dager, S. Paterson, S., Schultz, R., Styner, M., Hazlett, H., Piven, J. and the IBIS network (In Press). Network inefficiencies in autism spectrum disorder at 24 months. Translational Psychiatry. In Press
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dd Herrington, J.D., Nymberg, C., Faja, S.K., Price, E., & Schultz, R. The responsiveness of biological motion processing areas to selective attention towards goals. Neuroimage, 2012: 63(1), 581-90. PMID: 22796987.
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13e Fein, D., Barton, M., Eigsti, I., Kelley, E., Naigles, L., Schultz, R.T., Stevens, M., Helt, M., Orinstein, A., Rosenthal, M., Troyb, E., & Tyson, K. Optimal outcome in individuals with a history of Autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013: 54(2), 195–205. PMID: 23320807. PMCID: PMC3547539
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e4 Maxwell, C.R., Parish-Morris, J., Hsin, O., Bush, J.C., Schultz, R.T. The Broad Autism Phenotype Predicts Child Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2013:5[1]. PMID: 24053506
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136 Chevallier, C, Parish-Morris, J, Tonge, N, Le, L, Miller, J, & Schultz, R.T. Susceptibility to the audience effect explains performance gap between children with and without autism in a Theory of Mind task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Jan 6, 2014 [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 24392710
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bc Troiani, V., Price, E.T., & Schultz, R.T. Unseen fearful faces promote amygdala guidance of attention. Social Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, 2014 Feb;9(2):133-40. PMID: 23051897
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Selected Publications

188 Mullin, L.J., Rutsohn J.,Gross, J.L., Caravella, K.E., Weisenfeld, L., Flake, L., Botteron, K.N., Dager, S.R., Estes, A.M., Pandey, J., Schultz, R.T., … et al.: Differential cognitive and behavioral development from 6 to 24 months in autism and fragile x syndrome. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders March 2024.

177 Fantozzi,P.M., Anil, A., McHugh, S.,Srsich, A.R., Zope,M., Parish-Morris, J., Schultz, R.T., Herrington, J., Hocking, M.C. : Social impairment in survivors of pediatric brain tumors via reduced social attention and emotion-specific facial expression recognition. Pediatr Blood Cancer 71(6), 2024.

22f Wright, J. R., Astrovskaya, I., Barns, S. D., Goler, A., Zhou, X., Shu, C., Snyder, L. G., Han, B., SPARK Consortium,(Schultz, R.T., Principal Investigator, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Network Center) Shen, Y., Volfovsky, N., Hall, J. B., Feliciano, P., & Chung, W. K. : Return of genetic research results in 21,532 individuals with autism. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 101202, 2024 Notes: Advance online publication.

2ac Alex, A. M., Aguate, F., Botteron, K., Buss, C., Chong, Y. S., Dager, S. R., Donald, K. A., Entringer, S., Fair, D. A., Fortier, M. V., Gaab, N., Gilmore, J. H., Girault, J. B., Graham, A. M., Groenewold, N. A., Hazlett, H., Lin, W., Meaney, M. J., Piven, J., Qiu, A., Rasmussen, J., Roos, A., Schultz, R. T., Skeide, M., Stein, D., Styner, M., Thompson, P., Turesky, T., Wadhwa, P., Zar, H., Zollei, L., Campos, G., Knickmeyer, R., & ENIGMA ORIGINs group : A global multicohort study to map subcortical brain development and cognition in infancy and early childhood. Nature Neuroscience 27(1): 176–186, 2024.

127 Sariyanidi, E., Zampella, C. J., Schultz, R. T., & Tunc, B. : Inequality-constrained 3D morphable face model fitting. Proceedings of IEEE Transactions On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 46(2): 1305–1318, 2024.

143 Hocking, M. C., Schultz, R. T., Yerys, B. E., Minturn, J. E., Fantozzi, P., & Herrington, J. D.: White matter connectivity and social functioning in survivors of pediatric brain tumor. Journal of neuro-oncology 2024 Notes: Advance online publication.

958 Aris, I. M., Lin, P. D., Wu, A. J., Dabelea, D., Lester, B. M., Wright, R. J., Karagas, M. R., Kerver, J. M., Dunlop, A. L., Joseph, C. L., Camargo, C. A., Jr, Ganiban, J. M., Schmidt, R. J., Strakovsky, R. S., McEvoy, C. T., Hipwell, A. E., O'Shea, T. M., McCormack, L. A., Maldonado, L. E., Niu, Z., Ferrara, A., Zhu, Y., Chehab, R.F., Kinsey, E.W., Bush, N.R., Nguyen, R.H.N., Carroll, K.N., Barrett, E.S. Lyall, K., Sims-Taylor, L.M., Trasande, L., Biagini, J.M., Breton, C.V., Patti, M.A., Coull, B., Amutah-Onukagha,N., Hacker, M.R., James-Todd, T., Oken, E., Smith, P.B., Newby,L.K., Jacobson,L.P., Catellier, D.J., Fuselier,G., Gershon,R., Cella, D., Teitelbaum, S.L., Stroustrup, A., Merhar, S., Lampland, A., Reynolds, A., Hudak, M., Pryhuber, G., Moore, P., Washburn, L., Gatzke-Kopp, L., Swingler, M., Laham, F.R., Mansbach, J.M., Wu, S., Spergel, J.W., Celedón,J.C., Puls, H.T., Teach, S.J., Porter, S.C., Waynik, I.Y., Iyer, S.S., Samuels-Kalow, M.E., Thompson, A.D., Stevenson, M.D., Bauer, C.S., Inhofe, N.R., Boos, M., Macias, Koinis Mitchell, D., Duarte, C.S., Monk,C., Posner,J., Canino, G., Croen, L. Gern, J., Zoratti,E., Seroogy, C., Bendixsen, C., Jackson, D., Bacharier, L., O’Connor, G., Kattan, M., Wood, R., Rivera-Spoljaric, K., Hershey, G., Johnson, C., Bastain, T., Farzan, S., Habre, R., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hipwell, A., Keenan, K., Karr, C., Tylavsky, F., Mason, A., Zhao, Q., Sathyanarayana, S., Bush, N., LeWinn, K.Z., Carter, B., Pastyrnak, S., Neal, C., Smith, L., Helderman, J., Leve, L., Neiderhiser,J., Weiss, S.T., Litonjua, A., Zeiger, R., McEvoy, C., Tepper, R.,Lyall, K., Volk, H., Landa, R., Ozonoff, S., Schmidt, R., Dager, S., Schultz, R.T., Piven, J., O’Shea, M., Vaidya, R., Obeid, R., Rollins, C., Bear, K., Lenski, M., Singh, R., Msall, M., Frazier, J., Gogcu,S., Montgomery, A., Kuban, K., Douglass, L., Jara, H., Joseph, R., Kerver, J.M., Barone, C., Fussman, C., Paneth, N., Elliott, M., Ruden, D., Herbstman, J., Schantz, S., Woodruff, T., Stanford, J. ECHO Awardees and Cohorts: Birth outcomes in relation to neighborhood food access and individual food insecurity during pregnancy in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)-wide cohort study. The American journal of clinical nutrition 119(5): 1216-1226, 2024.

2cf Wu, D., Wolff, J. J., Ravi, S., Elison, J. T., Estes, A., Paterson, S., St John, T., Abdi, H., Moraglia, L. E., Piven, J., Swanson, M. R., & IBIS Network, Hazlett,H.C., Chappell,C., Dager, S., Estes,A., Shaw,D., Botteron, K., McKinstry, R., Constantino, J., Pruett, J., Schultz, R.T. Pandey,J., Zwaigenbaum, L. Elison, J.T., Wolff, J., Evans, A.C., Collins,D.L., Pike,G.B., Fonov, V., Kostopoulos, P. Das,S., MacIntyre, L., Gerig,G., Gu, H. : Infants who develop autism show smaller inventories of deictic and symbolic gestures at 12 months of age. Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research 2024.

21e Liu, J., Girault, J. B., Nishino, T., Shen, M. D., Kim, S. H., Burrows, C. A., Elison, J. T., Marrus, N., Wolff, J. J., Botteron, K. N., Estes, A. M., Dager, S. R., Hazlett, H. C., McKinstry, R. C., Schultz, R. T., Snyder, A. Z., Styner, M., Zwaigenbaum, L., Pruett, J. R., Jr, Piven, J., … Gao, W.: A typical functional connectivity between the amygdala and visual, salience regions in infants with genetic liability for autism. Cerebral cortex 34(13): 30-39, 2024.

203 McFayden, T. C., Rutsohn, J., Cetin, G., Forsen, E., Swanson, M. R., Meera, S. S., Wolff, J. J., Elison, J. T., Shen, M. D., Botteron, K., Dager, S. R., Estes, A., Gerig, G., McKinstry, R. C., Pandey, J., Schultz, R., St John, T., Styner, M., Truong, Y., Zwaigenbaum, L., … IBIS Network: White matter development and language abilities during infancy in autism spectrum disorder. Molecular psychiatry 2024 Notes: Advance online publication.

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