Past Research

  1. Tong, J., Akpek, E., Naik, A., Sharma, M., Boateng, D., Andy, A., Merchant, R., Kelz, R. Reporting of Discrimination by Health Care Consumers Through Online Consumer Reviews. JAMA Network Open. 2022.
  2. Tong, J., Kelz, R. Examining Quality Improvement in Medicine and Business. J Am Coll Surg. 2021.
  3. Tong, J., Andy, A., Merchant, R., Kelz, R. Evaluation of Online Consumer Reviews of Hospitals and Experiences of Racism Using Qualitative Methods. JAMA Network Open. 2021.
  4. Tong, J., Brooks, ES., Lancaster, CW., Wirtalla, C., Aarons, C., Saur, N., Mahmoud, N., Karakousis, G., Kelz, R. The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Surgeon Selection among Colorectal Surgery Patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.07.747
  5. Tong, J. How Consumers Describe Racism in Healthcare. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics Policy$ense Blog. October 2021.
  6. Tong, J. Medicaid Expansion & Colorectal Surgery. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics Policy$ense Blog. March 2021. 
  7. Tong, J. Redefining The “other” And What It Means To Be An Asian-American. Philadelphia Inquirer. March 31, 2021:A13.
  8. Syvyk S, Roberts SE, Finn CB, Wirtalla C, Kelz R. Colorectal cancer disparities across the continuum of cancer care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Surg. Feb 18 2022.
  9. Bose SK, Dasani S, Roberts SE, et al. The Cost of Quarantine: Projecting the Financial Impact of Canceled Elective Surgery on the Nation's Hospitals. Ann Surg. May 1 2021;273(5):844-849.
  10. Roberts SE. I Can't Breathe - Race, Violence, and COVID-19. Ann Surg. Sep 1 2020;272(3):e191.
  11. Aggarwal A, Rosen CB, Nehemiah A, Maina I, Kelz RR, Aarons CB, Roberts SE. Is There Color or Sex Behind the Mask and Sterile Blue? Examining Sex and Racial Demographics Within Academic Surgery. Ann Surg. Jan 1 2021;273(1):21-27.
  12. Roberts SE, Shea JA, Sellers M, Butler PD, Kelz RR. Pursing a career in academic surgery among African American medical students. Am J Surg. Apr 2020;219(4):598-603.
  13. Zhao C, Dowzicky P, Colbert L, Roberts SE, Kelz RR. Race, gender, and language concordance in the care of surgical patients: A systematic review. Surgery. Nov 2019;166(5):785-792.
  14. Zhao C, Dowzicky P, Colbert L, Roberts SE, Kelz RR. Response to "Regarding: 'Race, gender, and language concordance in the care of surgical patients: A systematic review'". Surgery. Apr 2020;167(4):774-775.
  15. Nehemiah A, Roberts SE, Song Y, et al. Looking Beyond the Numbers: Increasing Diversity and Inclusion Through Holistic Review in General Surgery Recruitment. J Surg Educ. May-Jun 2021;78(3):763-769.
  16. Rosen CB, Wirtalla C, Keele LJ, Roberts SE, Kaufman, Holena DN, Halpern, Kelz RR. Multimorbidity Confers Greater Risk for Older Patients in Emergency General Surgery Than the Presence of Multiple Comorbidities: A Retrospective Observational Study. Medical Care. 2022;60(8):616-622. doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001733
  17. Kaufman EJ, Keele LJ, Wirtalla CJ, Rosen CB, Roberts SE, Mavroudis C, Reilly PM, Holena DN, McHugh MD, Small D, Kelz RR. Operative and Nonoperative Outcomes of Emergency General Surgery Conditions: An Observational Study Using a Novel Instrumental Variable. Annals of Surgery. 2022:10.1097/SLA.0000000000005519.
  18. Rosen CB, Kelz RR. Processes to Create a Culture of Surgical Patient Safety. Surg Clin North Am. 2021 Feb;101(1):29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2020.09.008. Epub 2020 Nov 2. PMID: 33212077.
  19. Rosen CB, Joffe S, Kelz RR. COVID-19 Moves Medicine into a Virtual Space: A Paradigm Shift From Touch to Talk to Establish Trust. Ann Surg. 2020 Aug;272(2):e159-e160. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004098. PMID: 32675525; PMCID: PMC7268874.
  20. Landau SI, Syvyk S, Wirtalla C, Aarons CB, Butts S, Holmboe E, Kelz RR. Trainee Sex and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestone Assessments During General Surgery Residency. JAMA Surg. 2021 Oct 1;156(10):925-931. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.3005. PMID: 34232269; PMCID: PMC8264749.
  21. Landau S, Mavroudis CL, Kelz RR. (Re)Discovering the Art of Medicine Through Standardization. JAMA Surg. 2021 Mar 1;156(3):217-218. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3312. PMID: 33175119.
  22. Yang RL, Freeman K, Reinke CE, Fraker DL, Karakousis GC, Kelz RR, Doyle A. Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism In Kidney Transplant Recipients: Characteristics of Patients Selected for Different Treatment Strategies. Transplantation. 2012 Jul; 94 (1): 74-6. 
  23. Yang RL, Reinke CE, Mittal M, Kean C, Diaz E, Fishman N, Morris JB, Kelz RR. The Surgery Clerkship: An Opportunity for Preclinical Credentialing in Urinary Catheterization. American Journal of Surgery. 2012 Oct; 204 (4): 535-9.
  24. Yang RL, Newman AS, Reinke CE, Lin IC, Karakousis GC, Czerniecki BJ, Wu LC, Kelz RR. Racial Disparities in Immediate Breast Reconstruction Following Mastectomy: Impact of State and Federal Health Policy Changes. Annals of Surgical Oncology. 2013 Feb; 20 (2): 399-406.
  25. Yang RL, Kelz RR, Doyle AM. Letter to the Editor Response: Tertiary hyperparathyroidism- Choosing an Appropriate Treatment- an Enigma. Transplantation. 2012 Dec; 94 (11): 64-5. 
  26. Yang RL, Predina JD, Hashimoto DA, Bowens NM, Sonnenberg EM, Cleveland EC, Lawson C, Morris JB, Kelz RR. The Virtual Patient Pilot: Testing a New Tool for Undergraduate Surgical Education and Assessment. Journal of Surgical Education. 2013 Jun; 70 (3): 394-40.  
  27. Yang RL, Newman AS, Lin IC, Reinke CE, Karakousis GC, Czerniecki BJ, Wu LC, Kelz RR. Trends in Immediate Breast Reconstruction Across Insurance Groups After Enactment of Breast Cancer Legislation. Cancer. 2013 Jul; 119 (13): 2462-8. 
  28. Yang RL, Czerniecki BJ, Kelz RR. Immediate Reconstruction Following Nipple-sparing Mastectomy: One Option for Young Breast Cancer Patients with Early Stage Disease. Journal of Thoracic Disease. 2013 Jun; 5 (3): 200-202. 
  29. Salasky V, Yang RL, Datta J, Graves HL, Cintolo JA, Meise C, Karakousis GC, Czerniecki BJ, Kelz RR. Racial Disparities in the Use of Outpatient Mastectomy. Journal of Surgical Research. 2014 Jan; 186(1):16-22.
  30. Yang RL, Mick R, Lee K, Graves HL, Nathanson KL, Domcheck SM, Kelz RR, Zhang PJ, Czerniecki. DCIS in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Prevalence, Phenotype, and Expression of Oncodrivers C-MET and HER3. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2015 Oct 24;13:335.
  31. Berger I, Xia L, Wirtalla C, Dowzicky P, Guzzo TJ, Kelz RR. 30-day readmission after radical cystectomy: Identifying targets for improvement using the phases of surgical care. Can Urol Assoc J. 2018 Nov 20;13(7):E190-E201. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.5455. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 30472980; PMCID: PMC6667326.
  32. Dowzicky P, Wirtalla C, Fieber J, Berger I, Raper S, Kelz RR. Hospital Teaching Status Impacts Surgical Discharge Efficiency. J Surg Educ. 2019 Sep-Oct;76(5):1329-1336. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.03.022. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 30987921.
  33. Hatchimonji JS, Kaufman EJ, Dowzicky PM, Scantling DR, Holena DN. Efficient evaluation of center-level emergency surgery performance using a high-yield procedure set: A step towards an EGS registry. Am J Surg. 2021 Sep;222(3):625-630. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.01.025. Epub 2021 Jan 23. PMID: 33509544.
  34. Dowzicky PM, Shah AA, Barg FK, Eriksen WT, McHugh MD, Kelz RR. An Assessment of Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perspectives on the Post-discharge Phase of Care. Ann Surg. 2021 Apr 1;273(4):719-724. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003479. PMID: 31356271.
  35. Finn, CB, Tong, JK, Alexander, HE, Wirtalla, C, Wachtel, H, Guerra, CE, Mehta, SJ, Wender, R, & Kelz, RR. (2022). How Referring Providers Choose Specialists for Their Patients: a Systematic Review. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 
  36. Syvyk S, Roberts SE, Finn CB, Wirtalla C, Kelz R. Colorectal cancer disparities across the continuum of cancer care: A systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2022 Feb 18]. Am J Surg. 2022;S0002-9610(22)00116-7.  
  37. Finn, CB, Guerra, CE, Kelz, RR. An Opportunity to Advance Workforce Equity: Surgical Referrals. Accepted for publication in Annals of Surgery.  
  38. Finn, CB, Wirtalla, C, Mascuilli, T, Krumeich, LN, Wachtel, H, Fraker, D, Kelz, RR. Simulated Data-Driven Hospital Selection for Surgical Treatment of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Older Adults. Accepted for publication in Surgery. 
  39. Krumeich, L, Finn, CB, Fraker, D, Kelz, RR, Wachtel, H. How low is too low? Intraoperative parathyroid hormone decline in normohormonal primary hyperparathyroidism. Accepted for publication in Surgery.  
  40. Finn, CB, Krumeich LN, Kelz RR. Patient-Centered Decision-Making for Postoperative Narcotic-Free Endocrine Surgery. Selected Readings in General Surgery. Expert Commentary. 
  41. Finn, CB, Krumeich LN, Kelz RR. Thyroidectomy without Radioiodine in Patients with Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer. Selected Readings in General Surgery. Expert Commentary. 
  42. Krumeich LN , Finn, CB, Kelz RR. Evaluation of Necrosis as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicator in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Selected Readings in General Surgery. Expert Commentary. 
  43. Reinke CE, Drebin JA, Kreider S, Kean C, Resnick A, Raper S, Kelz RR. Timing of pre-operative pharmacoprophylaxis for pancreatic surgery patients: a venous thromboembolism reduction initiative. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Jan; 19(1):19-25. PMID: 21725687.
  44. Shah PK, Shah KK, Karakousis GC, Reinke CE, Kelz RR, Fraker DL. Regional recurrence after lymphadenectomy for clinically evident lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid cancer: a cohort study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 May;19(5):1453-9. PMID: 21913023.
  45. Zubizarreta JR, Reinke CE, Kelz RR, Silber JH, Rosenbaum PR. Matching for several sparse nominal variables in a case-control study of readmission following surgery. Am Stat. 2011 Oct 1:65(4):229-238. PMID: 25418991.
  46. Reinke CE, Hadler RA, Karakousis GC, Fraker DL, Kelz RR. Does the presence of thyroid cancer increase the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing thyroidectomy? Surgery. 2011 Dec; 150(6): 1275-85. PMID: 22136851.
  47. Mollo EA, Reinke CE, Nelson C, Holena DN, Kann B, Williams N, Bleier J, Kelz RR. The simulated ward: ideal for training clinical clerks in an era of patient safety. J Surg Res. 2012 Sep;177(1); e1-6. PMID: 22524978.
  48. Silber JH, Rosenbaum PR, Kelz RR, Reinke CE, Neuman MD, Ross RN, Even-Shoshan O, David G, Saynisch PA, Kyle FA, Bratzler DW, Fleisher LA. Medical and financial risks associated with surgery in the elderly obese. Ann Surgery. 2012 Jul;256(1):79-86. PMID: 22566017.
  49. Yang RL, Reinke CE, Mittal MK, Kean CR, Diaz E, Fishman NO, Morris JB, Kelz RR. The surgery clerkship: an opportunity for preclinical credentialing in urinary catheterization. Am J Surgery. 2012 Oct;204(4):535-9. PMID: 22591699.
  50. Okusanya O, Kornfield ZN, Reinke CE, Morris JB, Sarani B, Williams NN, Kelz RR. The effect and durability of a pregraduation boot camp on the confidence of senior medical student entering surgical residencies. J Surg Educ. 2012 Jul-Aug;69(4):536-43. PMID: 22677594.
  51. Yang RL, Freeman K, Reinke CE, Fraker DL, Karakousis GC, Kelz RR, Doyle AM. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism in kidney transplant recipients: characteristics of patients selected for different treatment strategies. Transplantation. 2012 Jul 15;94(1): 70-6. PMID: 22706321.
  52. Reinke CE, Karakousis GC, Hadler RA, Drebin JA, Fraker DL, Kelz RR. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgical treatment for malignancy by tumor type: An analysis of ACS-NSQIP data from 2005 to 2010. Surgery. 2012 Aug;152(2):186-92. PMID: 22828139.
  53. Reinke CE, Kelz RR, Zubizarreta JR, Mi L, Saynisch P, Kyle FA, Even-Shoshan O, Fleisher LA, Silber JH. Obesity and readmission in elderly surgical patients. Surgery. 2012 Sep;152(3):355-62. PMID: 22938896.
  54. Yang RL, Newman AS, Reinke CE, Lin IC, Karakousis GC, Czerniecki BJ, Wu LC, Kelz RR. Racial disparities in immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy: impact of state and federal health policy changes. Ann Surg Onc. 2013 Feb;20(2):399-406. PMID: 23054106.
  55. Kelz RR, Reinke CE, Cofer JB, Ashley SW, Hebert JC, Ko CY. APDS panel session IV: intersection of surgical outcomes and medical education. J Surg Educ. 2012 Nov-Dec;69(6):687-92. PMID: 23111031.
  56. Reinke CE, Kelz RR, Pray L, Williams N, Bleier J, Murayama K, Morris JB. Trimming the fat: optimizing overall educational value by defining factors associated with overall educational value and service-to-education ratio. J Surg Educ. 2012 Nov-Dec;69(6): 813-818.e1. PMID: 23111052.
  57. Mills AM, Holena DN, Kallan MJ, Carr BG, Reinke CE, Kelz RR. The Effect of Insurance Status on Patients Admitted for Acute Diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis. 2013 May;15(5):613-20. PMID: 23078007.
  58. Reinke CE, Showalter S, Mahmoud N, Kelz RR. Comparison of Anastomotic Leak Rate After Colorectal Surgery Using Different Databases. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013 May;56(5):638-44. PMID: 23575404.
  59. Yang RL, Newman AS, Lin IC, Reinke CE, Karakousis GC, Czerniecki BJ, Wu LC, Kelz RR. Trends in Immediate Breast Reconstruction Across Insurance Groups after Enactment of Breast Cancer Legislation. Cancer. 2013 Jul 1:119(13):2462-8. PMID: 23585144.
  60. Kelz RR, Reinke CE, Zubizarreta JR, Wang M, Saynisch P, Even-Shoshan O, Reese PP, Fleisher LA, Silber JH. Acute kidney injury, renal function, and the elderly obese surgical patient: a matched case-control study. Ann Surg. 2013 Aug;258(2): 359-363. PMID: 23676533.
  61. Silber JH, Rosenbaum PR, Ross RN, Even-Shoshan O, Kelz RR, Neuman MD, Reinke CE, Ludwig JM, Kyle FA, Bratzler DW, Fleisher LA. Racial disparities in operative procedure time: the influence of obesity. Anesthesiology. 2013 Jul;119(1): 43-51. PMID: 23719571.
  62. Bansal N, Sonnenberg EM, Meise CK, Reinke CE, Karakousis GC, Bartlett EK, Mahmoud NN, Roses RE, Kelz RR. The effect of colorectal cancer screening mandates on access to care and clinical outcomes: a retrospective study of patients undergoing operations of the colon and rectum. Surgery. 2013 Aug;154(2):335-44. PMID: 23889960.
  63. Gupta M, Fuchs B, Cutilli C, Cintolo J, Reinke CE, Kean C, Fishman N, Sullivan P, Kelz RR. Preventable mortality: does the perspective matter when determining preventability? J Surg Res. 2013 Jun;184(1):54-60. PMID: 23773717.
  64. Sellers MM, Reinke CE, Kreider S, Meise C, Nelis K, Volpe A, Anzlovar N, Ko C, Kelz RR. American College of Surgeons NSQIP: Quality in Training Initiative pilot study. J Am Coll Surg. 2013 Nov;217(5):827-32. PMID: 24041556.
  65. Arthur KR, Kelz RR, Mills AM, Reinke CE, Robertson MP, Sims CA, Pascual JL, Reilly PM, Holena DN. Interhospital transfer: an independent risk factor for mortality in the surgical intensive care unit. Am Surg. 2013 Sep;79(9):909-13. PMID: 24069990.
  66. Kelz RR, Sellers MM, Reinke CE, Medbery RL, Morris J, Ko C. Quality in Training Initiative – a solution to the need for education in quality improvement: results from a survey of program directors. J Am Coll Surg. 2013 Dec;217(6):1126-32. e1-5. PMID: 24246623.
  67. Reinke CE, Kelz RR, Baillie CA, Norris A, Schmidt S, Wingate N, Myers JS. Timeliness and quality of surgical discharge summaries after the implementation of an electronic format. Am J Surg. 2014 Jan;207(1):7-16. PMID: 24269034.
  68. Sonnenberg EM, Reinke CE, Bartlett EK, Collier KT, Karakousis GC, Holena DN, Kelz RR. Wind, water, wound, walk – do the data deliver the dictum? J Surg Educ. 2015 Jan-Feb;72(1):164-9. PMID: 25131719.
  69. Reinke CE and Sonnenberg EM, Karakousis GC, Fraker DL, Kelz RR. Variation in cost of total thyroidectomy across the United States, 2007-2008. Am J Surg. 2014 Aug;210(2):302-8. PMID: 25936247.
  70. Berrios-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW, Leas B, Stone EC, Kelz RR, Reinke CE, Morgan S, Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Dellinger EP, Itani KMF, Berari EF, Segreti J, Parvizi J, Blanchard J, Allen G, Kluytmans JAJW, Donlan R, Schecter WP. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. JAMA Surg. 2017 Aug 1;152(8):784-791. PMID: 28467526.
  71. Harkey K, Kaiser N, Zhao J, Matthews BD, Kelz RR, Reinke CE. Post-discharge Virtual Visits for Low-Risk Surgeries: A Randomized Non-inferiority Clinical Trial.  JAMA Surgery.  January 2021. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.6265. PMID: 33439221.
  72. Harkey K, Kaiser N, Wang H, Connor C, Matthews BD, Kelz RR, Reinke CE. A View from the Patient Perspective: Mixed-Methods Analysis of Post-Discharge Virtual Visits in a Randomized Control Trial.  Journal of the American College of Surgeons. In-Press: August
  73. Brooks, E. S., Bailey, E. A., Mavroudis, C. L., Wirtalla, C.J., Gershuni, V.M., Williams, N. N., Kelz, R. R. (2021).
  74. Landau, S. I., Mavroudis, C., Brooks, E., Bergmark, R., Berlin, N. L., Lancaster, E., & Kelz, R. R. (2022). Longitudinal evaluation of the surgical workforce experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Surgery. 
  75. Mavroudis, C. L., Tong, J. K. C., Friedman, A. B., Syvyk, S., Keele, L., Wirtalla, C., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). Examining the Relationship Between Health System Surgical Volume and Outcomes. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 233(5), S119-S120. 
  76. Sharma, M., Mavroudis, C. L., Tong, J. K., Syvyk, S., Wirtalla, C., Karakousis, G. C., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). Health System Affiliation with an American College of Surgeons-accredited Cancer Center Is Associated with Reduction in Mortality or Serious Morbidity in Surgically Treated Cancer Patients. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 233(5), e99. 
  77. Mavroudis, C.L., Bergmark, R.W., Waljee, J., Wick, E., Yeo, H., Wirtalla, C., Kelz, R. R. (2021). Establishing the Essential Role of Household Extenders for Surgeon Wellbeing. Annals of Surgery.  
  78. Mavroudis, C. L., Landau, S., Brooks, E., Bergmark, R., Berlin, N. L., Blumenthal, B., Cooper, Z., Hwang, E. K., Lancaster, E., Waljee, J., Wick, E., Yeo, H., Wirtalla, C., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). Exploring the experience of the surgical workforce during the Covid-19 pandemic. Annals of surgery, 273(3), e91. 
  79. Landau, S., Mavroudis, C. L., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). (Re) Discovering the art of medicine through standardization. JAMA surgery, 156(3), 217-218.
  80. Tong, J., Brooks, E. S., Mavroudis, C. L., Wirtalla, C., Aarons, C. B., Saur, N. M., Mahmoud, N. N., Karakousis, G. C., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). The impact of the affordable care act on surgeon selection amongst colorectal surgery patients. The American Journal of Surgery.
  81. Mavroudis, C. L., Landau, S., Brooks, E., Bergmark, R., Berlin, N. L., Blumenthal, B., Cooper, Z., Hwang, E. K., Lancaster, E., Waljee, J., Wick, E., Yeo, H., Wirtalla, C., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). The Relationship Between Surgeon Gender and Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Annals of surgery, 273(4), 625. 
  82. Brooks, E. S., Tong, J., Mavroudis, C. W., Wirtalla, C., Karakousis, G. C., Saur, N. M., Aarons, C. B., Mahmound, N. N., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). The effects of the Affordable Care Act on access and outcomes of colon surgery. The American Journal of Surgery. 
  83. Mavroudis, C. L., Tong, J., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). What's in a System? The Uncertain Meaning of Health System Affiliation in Surgery. Annals of Surgery, 274(1), e88-e89. 
  84. Mavroudis, C. L., Wirtalla, C., Tong, J., Brooks, E. S., Aarons, C. B., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). Clarifying the Role of the Modern General Surgeon: The Effect of Specialization on Inpatient Practice Patterns in General Surgery. Journal of Surgical Education. 
  85. Mavroudis, C. L., Dowzicky, P., & Kelz, R. R. (2021). Empowering Resident Physicians to Lead by Teaching Principles of Quality and Safety in Surgery. JAMA surgery, 156(4), 393-394. 
  86. Tong, J.K.C., Mavroudis, C.L., Wirtalla, C., Saur, N.M., Aarons, C.B., Mahmoud, N.N. and Kelz, R.R. (2021). Investigating the Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Undergoing Colorectal Surgery. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 233(5), p.S57. 
  87. Mavroudis, C. L., Tong, J., Wirtalla, C., Brooks, E. S., Morris, J. B., Aarons, C. B., & Kelz, R. R. (2020). (Re) thinking the Residential in Residency: Modern Surgical Practice Continues to Move Away From the Inpatient Setting. Journal of Surgical Education.