Jianxin You, Ph.D.
Professor of Microbiology
Department: Microbiology
Graduate Group Affiliations
Contact information
Department of Microbiology
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
201C Johnson Pavilion
3610 Hamilton Walk
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
201C Johnson Pavilion
3610 Hamilton Walk
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076
Office: 215-573-6781
Fax: 215-898-9557
Fax: 215-898-9557
Publications
Education:
Ph.D.
Johns Hopkins University, 2001.
Postdoc.
Harvard Medical School, 2006.
Permanent linkPh.D.
Johns Hopkins University, 2001.
Postdoc.
Harvard Medical School, 2006.
Description of Research Expertise
Research InterestsOncogenic virus-driven tumorigenesis, Human papillomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, Immunotherapy for HPV-positive cervical cancer and head & neck cancer
Keywords
STING activation, Cancer immunotherapy, Anti-viral immunotherapy, DNA tumor viruses, Viral oncogenesis, and Tumor virology
Research Summary
Research in my laboratory investigates how the molecular interplay between oncogenic viruses, including Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and their host cells leads to cancer (Cell 117:349-360, Cell Host Microbe 19:775-87). We also study the function of STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) in eliciting antiviral and antitumor innate immunity (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117:13730-13739). Our overall research goal is to develop innovative therapeutic strategies to block pathogenic viral infection and tumor development.
Selective reactivation of STING signaling to target “cold” tumors:
Tumor immune suppression represents a major obstacle to achieving effective cancer immunotherapy. We recently discovered that STING silencing causes the immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), by blocking cytokine production, and consequently impeding cytotoxic T cell infiltration, activation, and killing of tumor cells (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 117:13730-13739). Reactivating STING in MCC cells stimulates antitumor inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production. More importantly, stimulation of STING causes robust cell death in MCCs as well as several other STING-silenced cancers. We are currently developing new strategies to bolster antitumor adaptive immunity in STING-silenced cancers that are often refractory to current therapies.
MCPyV infection and Merkel cell carcinoma:
MCPyV is a novel human polyomavirus discovered in MCC, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. However, many aspects of the MCPyV life cycle remain poorly understood and it is not clear how MCPyV infection causes MCC. We were the first group to report the mechanistic details of MCPyV replication machinery (PLoS Pathogens 2012;8:e1003021). Our additional studies revealed the host factors required for MCPyV replication as well as the impact of the host DNA damage response (DDR) on MCPyV replication and cellular transformation. In our recent study, we discovered the human skin cell type that is productively infected by MCPyV (Cell Host Microbe 19:775-87). Our study established the first cell culture model for MCPyV infection. Our results illustrated how the major MCC risk factors, such as UV radiation, wounding, and aging, may boost viral infection to induce tumorigenesis. Building on these discoveries, our ongoing studies investigate how the interplay between MCPyV and the host immune defense system may contribute to MCC oncogenesis. The ultimate goal of our study is to develop novel cancer therapeutics for treating MCPyV-induced human cancers.
Development of new strategies to prevent and treat HPV-associated cancers:
High-risk HPV infection is the primary risk factor for cervical, anogenital, and head and neck cancers. Currently available HPV vaccines protect against up to ten major types of cancer-causing HPV strains. However, the vaccines do not treat established cancer and are not useful for those people who are already infected. Alternative approaches are therefore needed for curing ongoing HPV infections. This is particularly important because high-risk HPVs need to persistently infect host cells for years or even decades in order to accumulate substantial cytogenetic changes for developing invasive tumors. HPVs establish persistent infection by maintaining their genomes as episomes in infected cells. Our previous work identified BRD4 as an important host receptor, which tethers the viral E2 protein/episome complex to mitotic chromosomes to ensure faithful partitioning of viral episomes to daughter cells during mitosis (Cell 117:349-360). Our research aims to develop new antiviral drugs for inhibiting the HPV-host interaction and curing persistent HPV infections.
We are also actively developing new therapies for treating HPV-associated cancers.
Rotation Projects:
Depending on the interests of the student, there are several possible projects in the areas described above. Prospective students are encouraged to contact Dr. You to discuss possible rotation projects.
Lab personnel:
Ranran Wang, Ph.D. Research scientist
Taylor Senay, Ph.D. Student
James Regan, Ph.D. Student
Qixun Sun, Graduate student
Deyuan Xu, Graduate student
Tiana Luo, Undergraduate Researcher
Sneha Shirhattikar, FERBS Fellow
Meng Jia, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Researcher
Vinny Dong, Undergraduate Researcher
Selected Publications
Yang JF, Liu W, You J.: Characterization of molecular mechanisms driving Merkel cell polyomavirus oncogene transcription and tumorigenic potential. PLoS Pathog 19: e1011598, Aug 2023.Liu W, Alameh MG, Yang JF, Xu JR, Lin PJC, Tam YK, Weissman D, You J.: Lipid Nanoparticles Delivering Constitutively Active STING mRNA to Stimulate Antitumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 23: 14504, Nov 2022.
Liu W, Kim GB, Krump NA, Zhou Y, Riley JL, You J.: Selective reactivation of STING signaling to target Merkel cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117(24): 13730-13739, June 2020 Notes: doi: 10.1073/pnas.1919690117. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
Wang R, Yang JF, Senay TE, Liu W, You J.: Characterization of the Impact of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Induced Interferon Signaling on Viral Infection. J Virol 97: e0190722, Apr 2023.
Liu W, You J. : Molecular Mechanisms of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Transformation and Replication. Annual Review of Virology 7(1): 289-307, Sep 2020.
Krump Nathan A, You Jianxin: Molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in humans. Nature Reviews Microbiology 16(11): 684-698, 2018
Liu W, Yang R, Payne AS, Schowalter RM, Spurgeon ME, Lambert PF, Xu X, Buck CB, You J.: Identifying the Target Cells and Mechanisms of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection. Cell Host Microbe. 19(6): 775-87, June 2016 Notes: Recommended in F1000Prime as being of special significance in the field.
Wang R, Cao XJ, Kulej K, Liu W, Ma T, MacDonald M, Chiang CM, Garcia BA, You J.: Uncovering BRD4 hyperphosphorylation associated with cellular transformation in NUT midline carcinoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114(27): E5352-E5361, July 2017.
Wang R, Liu W, Helfer CM, Bradner JE, Hornick JL, Janicki SM, French CA, You J: Activation of SOX2 expression by BRD4-NUT oncogenic fusion drives the cellular transformation in NUT midline carcinoma. Cancer Research 74(12): 3332-43, Jun 2014.
Liu Wei, MacDonald Margo, You Jianxin: Merkel cell polyomavirus infection and Merkel cell carcinoma. Curr. Opin. Virol. 20: 20-27, Aug 2016.
You J, Croyle JL, Nishimura A, Ozato K, Howley PM: Interaction of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein with Brd4 tethers the viral DNA to host mitotic chromosomes. Cell 117(3): 349-60, Apr 2004.
Wang X, Li J, Schowalter RM, Jiao J, Buck CB, You J: Bromodomain protein Brd4 plays a key role in Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA replication. PLoS Pathogens 8(11): e1003021, Nov 2012.