Assumptions of TTM

  1. No single theory can account for all complexities of behavior change. A more comprehensive model is most likely to emerge from integration across major theories.
  2. Behavior change is a process that unfolds over time through a sequence of stages.
  3. Stages are both stable and open to change, just as chronic behavioral risk factors are stable and open to change.
  4. The majority of at-risk populations are not prepared for action and will not be served effectively by traditional action-oriented behavior change programs.
  5. Specific processes and principles of change should be emphasized at specific stages to maximize efficacy.

Two types of measures have been used to assess stages of change:

  • Staging Algorithms
  • Multidimensional Questionnaires

Staging Algorithms

  • A short questionnaire is used to assign individuals to one stage each
  • Time periods used are usually arbitrary
  • Often used in smoking cessation research